САЊА КИПРОСКИ
Универзитет у Београду, Филозофски факултет
Одељење за историју уметности
sa.kiproski@gmail.com
ЗГРАДА ДОМА РАТНИХ ИНВАЛИДА (1933–1935) У БЕОГРАДУ: остварење архитекте Димитрија М. Лека
THE BUILDING OF THE HOME FOR WAR INVALIDS (1933–1935) IN BELGRADE: The Work of Architect Dimitrije M. Leko
Зборник 18/2022 (Музеј примењене уметности), страна 51-62
Категорија чланка: оригинални научни рад
УДК:
725.12(497.11)"1933/1935"
72.071.1 Леко Д.
Апстракт:
Зграда Дома ратних инвалида (1933–1935) представља једно од најзначајнијих остварења истакнутог архитекте и универзитетског професора Техничког факултета у Београду Димитрија М. Лека. Како би у целости био сагледан и препознат вишеструки значај овог објекта, уважавајући претходне историографске доприносе, циљ рада јесте проширивање и употпуњавање анализа о згради Дома ратних инвалида, где ће, уз темељиту анализу процеса пројектовања, бити сагледан и њен положај на међуратној архитектонској сцени Београда, као и шири друштвено-историјски значај здања.
Кључне речи:
академизам, архитектура, Димитрије М. Леко, Дом ратних инвалида, модернизам
Summary:
The building of the Home for War Invalids (1933–1935) represents one of the most important achievements of prominent architect and university professor of the Technical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Dimitrije M. Leko. The need to build a home for war invalids was especially relevant in the mid 1920s, and its materialisation was realised through an edifice erected in 1935 which testifies to numerous financial inconveniences that the state had encountered after World War I, but it is also a testament to the strong marginalisation of this social group carried out by the state and Yugoslav society. The first significant initiative was to build a facility that would represent a solution for accommodating the large number of impoverished war invalids, which appeared in 1928 when a competition was announced for the creation of a conceptual plan for the Home for War Invalids. This initiative was proposed by the Association of War Invalids, one of the most important organizations for the disabled in the interwar period. The building was supposed to be located on Mali Kalemegdan, on land ceded by the Municipality of the City of Belgrade. Due to an unfavourable financial situation in the state, the construction of the facility was postponed until 1933, when the location of the building was changed. The facility was to be built on one of the most important squares in Belgrade, Wilson Square (today’s “Savski Trg”). After the competition was announced in 1933, the conceptual plan of respected architect Dimitrije M. Leko was selected. Architect Leko conceived the functional floor plan of the building which united a wide range of different units: a boarding house for children with disabilities, a guesthouse for invalids, business premises of the Association of War Invalids with a printing house, premises for representative purposes, a large number of flats, offices, shops and warehouses. The facade of this four-storey building reflected the aesthetics of modernised academicism, as well as the forthcoming monumentalism. Well-proportioned, made of purified facade surfaces and without a pronounced visual dominance, this building radiates with a certain sense of the sublime, representing the personal artistic expression of the architect. As one of the significant representative works of architecture of modernised academicism of the 1930s in Serbia, this monumental palace has enriched the capital’s architecture in many ways with its harmonious and authentic composition.
Translated by the author
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